Glossary
Vegetables
| English | Hindi | Tamil |
|---|---|---|
| Ash gourd | Ghiya | Pooshanikkai |
| Banana (raw) | Kaccha kela | Vazhakkai |
| Beans (broad) | Bakla, sem | Avarai |
| Beans (cluster) | Gwar-ki-phalli | Kothavarangai |
| Bitter gourd | Karela | Pavakkai |
| Bitterberry | Asheta | Sundakkai |
| Bottle gourd | Dodhi, lauki | Suraikai |
| Brinjal | Baingan | Kathirikkai |
| Cabbage | Bandh gobi | Muttaikos |
| Cauliflower | Phool gobi | Cauliflower |
| Capsicum / Bell pepper | Simla mirch | Kudamilagai |
| Citron (bitter) | Khatta, nimbu | Narthangai |
| Coconut | Nariyal | Thengai |
| Coconut (dry) | Copra | Kopparai |
| Coconut (tender) | Dab | Elaneer |
| Colocasia | Arbi | Seppam kizhangu |
| Cucumber | Kheera, kakadi | Vellarikkai |
| Drumstick | Swanjan | Murungakkai |
| Elephant yam | Suran, jamikand | Senai kizhangu |
| Fenugreek leaves | Methi | Venthiya keerai |
| Greens | Amaranath | Mulai keerai |
| Gherkins | Kundru, Tendil | Kovakkai |
| Gooseberry | Amla | Nellikkai |
| Lime leaves | Nimbu-ka-patha | Narthella |
| Lotus stem | Kamal kakri | Thamara thandu |
| Lotus root | Kamal-ki-jadh | Thamara kizhangu |
| Ladies finger | Bhindi | Vendakkai |
| Mango (raw) | Aam (kacha) | Mangai |
| Mango (tender) | – | Vadumangai |
| Mint | Pudhina | Pudhina |
| Mushroom | Dhingri | Kaalan |
| Mustard greens | Sarson-ka-sag | Kadugu ilai |
| Neem flower | Neem-ka-phool | Vepampoo |
| Neem leaves, margosa | Neem-ke-patte | Veppilai |
| Onion | Pyaaz | Periya vengayam |
| Onion (small), shallots | Pyaaz | Chinna vengayam, Sambar vengayam |
| Peas | Mattar | Pachai pattani |
| Potato | Aalu | Urilai kizhangu |
| Radish | Mooli | Mullangi |
| Ridge gourd | Tori | Peerkangai |
| Snake gourd | Chachinda, padual | Pudalangai |
| Spinach | Palak | Pasalai keerai |
| Spring onion | Hara pyaaz | Vengaya thal |
| Sweet potato | Shakarkand | Sakaravalli |
| Kizhangu | ||
| Tapioca | Saabudhaana | Maravalli kizhangu |
| Tomato | Tamatar | Thakkalli |
| Yam | Sooran | Pidikarunai |
Fruits
| English | Hindi | Tamil |
|---|---|---|
| Banana (ripe) | Kela | Vazhaipazham |
| Jamoon | Naval pazham | |
| Custard apple | Sitaphul | Sita pazham |
| Grapes | Angoor | Draksha |
| Guava | Amrud | Koyyapazham |
| Jackfruit (ripe) | Kathal | Palaa Pazham |
| Lemon, lime | Nimbu | Elumichampazham |
| Mango (ripe) | Aam (pakka) | Mambazham |
| Musk melon | Kharbooja | Kirni pazham |
| Orange | Santra | Orange, Kichilli |
| Papaya | Papita | Pappali |
| Pear | Nashpati | Berikai |
| Pineapple | Ananas | Anasi pazham |
| Pomegranate | Anar | Mathulam pazham |
| Sweet lemon | Musambi | Sathukudi |
| Watermelon | Tarbuj | Darbusini |
| Woodapple | Kaith | Vilam pazham |
Condiments And Spices
| English | Hindi | Tamil |
|---|---|---|
| Asafoetida | Hing | Perungayam |
| Bay leaves | Tej pattha | Brinji ilai |
| Cardamom | Elaichi | Elakai |
| Cinnamon | Dalchini | Lavangapattai |
| Cloves | Lavang | Krambu |
| Chillies (green) | Hari mirch | Pachai milagai |
| Chillies (dry, red) | Lal mirch | Milagai vatral |
| Cumin seeds | Jeera | Jeeragam |
| Carum, tymol | Ajwain | Omum |
| Coriander leaves, cilantro | Hara dhania | Kothamalli |
| Coriander seeds | Dhania | Kothamaliverai |
| Curry leaves | Curri patta | Kariveppilai |
| Fenugreek seeds | Methi | Venthayam |
| Fennel seeds | Saunf | Sombu |
| Garlic | Lassan | Ullipoondu |
| Ginger (fresh) | Adrak | Inji |
| Ginger (dry) | Saunth | Chukku |
| Kandanthippilli | Pipal | Kadugu |
| Mace | Javithri | Jathipatri |
| Mango powder (dry) | Amchoor | Mangai podi |
| Nutmeg | Jaiphal | Jaathikkai |
| Onion seeds, black cumin seeds | Kalonji, kalajeera | Karunjeeragam |
| Pepper corns | Kalimirch | Milagu |
| Poppy seeds | Khus-khus | Khasakhasa |
| Saffron | Kesar | Kungumappu |
| Sesame seeds | Til | Ellu |
| Turmeric | Haldi | Manjal |
Miscellaneous
| English | Hindi | Tamil |
|---|---|---|
| Almond | Badaam | Badaam |
| Areca nut | Supari | Pakku |
| Bengal gram | Chane-ki-dhal | Kadalai paruppu |
| Bengal gram (whole) | Kala channa | Kothukadalai |
| Black gram | Urad dhal | Uluntham paruppu |
| Black gram (whole) | Urad | Muzhu ulundu |
| Butter | Makkhan | Vennai |
| Buttermilk | Lassi | Moru |
| Bengal gram flour | Besan | Kadalai mavu |
| Barley jau | Barli | Arisi |
| Betel leaves | Pan-ke-patte | Vethilai |
| Cashew nuts | Kaju | Mundhiri paruppu |
| Chickpeas | Kabuli channa | Konda kadalai |
| Cow peas | Lobia | Karamani |
| Curds | Dahi | Thayir |
| Cottage cheese | Paneer | Paal katti |
| Date | Khajoor | Pericham pazham |
| Field beans | Val | Mocchakottai |
| Red kidney beans | Rajmah | Rajmah |
| Fried gram, roasted gram | Bhunna channa | Pottu kadalai |
| Ghee | Ghee | Nei |
| Gingelly oil | Til thel | Nalla yennai |
| Green gram (whole) | Moong | Pasipayir |
| Green gram | Moong dhal | Payatham |
| – | – | paruppu |
| Groundunt, peanuts | Moong phalli | Nilakkadalai |
| Honey | Shaihd | Then |
| Horse gram | Kulthi | Kollu |
| Hydrogenated oil | Vanaspathi | Vanaspathi |
| Italian millet | Kangni | Thenai |
| Jaggery | Ghur | Vellam |
| Jowar, sorghum | Jowar | Cholam |
| Khesari gram | Kesari dhal | Khesari paruppu |
| Red lentil | Masur dhal | Mysore paruppu |
| Moth beans | Moth | Narippayir |
| Milk (buffalo) | Bhains-ka-doodh | Erumai paal |
| Milk (cow) | Gai-ka-doodh | pasum paal |
| Maize, corn | Makki | Makka cholam |
| Pearl millet, bajra | Bajra | Cambu |
| Ragi | Madua | Kezhvaragu |
| Raisins, currant | Kismis | Kaintha dhraatchai |
| Red gram | Thoor dhal | Thuvaram |
| – | – | paruppu |
| Refined flour | Maida | Maida mavu |
| Rice (parboiled) | Usnachawal | Puzhungal arisi |
| Rice (raw) | Chawal | Arisi |
| Rice (beaten / flakes) | Chewra, phoa | Aval |
| Rice (puffed) | Bhel | Arisi pori |
| Salt | Namak | Uppu |
| Salt (rock) | Kala namak | Kal uppu |
| Sago | Saabudhaana | Jevvarisi |
| Semolina, cream of wheat | Rava, sooji | Ravai |
| Sugar candy | – | Kalkandu |
| Sugar syrup | Sheera | Chakkarai paagu |
| Sugarcane | Ganna, sherdi | Karumbu |
| Tamarind | Imli | Puli |
| – | Kodra | Varagu |
| Vermicelli | Sewian | Semiya |
| Wheat | Gehun | Godhumai |
| Whole wheat flour | Atta | Godhumai maavu |